| regular past participle for verbs ending in er |
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| regular past participle for verbs ending in ir |
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| regular past participle for verbs ending in re |
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| past participle of devoir |
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| past participle of pouvoir |
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| past participle of vouloir |
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| past participle of apprendre |
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| past participle of comprendre |
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| past participle of prendre |
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« to want »
nous voulons
ils veulent |
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« to see »
nous voyons
ils voient |
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« to live »
nous vivons
ils vivent |
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« to put »
nous mettons
ils mettent |
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« to be able »
nous pouvons
ils peuvent |
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« to believe »
nous croyons
ils croient |
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« to open »
nous ouvrons
ils ouvrent |
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« to do »
nous faisons
ils font |
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| the formation of the imparfait is derived from the: |
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| the formation of the subjunctif is derived from: |
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« to go »
nous allons
ils vont |
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« to have to »
nous devons
ils doivent |
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« to know »
nous savons
ils savent |
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« to run »
nous courons
ils courent |
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« to read »
nous lisons
ils lisent |
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« to take »
nous prenons
ils prennent |
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« to be necessary »
il faut |
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« to know, be acquainted with »
nous connaissons
ils connaissent |
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« to laugh »
nous rions
ils rient |
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« to say »
nous disons
ils disent |
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« to drink »
nous buvons
ils boivent |
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« to drive »
nous conduisons
ils conduisent |
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« to follow; to take (a class) »
nous suivons
ils suivent |
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« to come »
nous venons
ils viennent |
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« to write »
nous ecrivons
ils ecrivent |
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| past participle (using etre) for devenir |
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| past participle (using etre) for mourir |
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| past participle (using etre) of naitre |
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| past participle (using etre) of passer |
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| past participle (using etre) of revenir |
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| past participle (using etre) of venir |
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| passe compose of pronominal verbs |
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je me suis
tu t’es
il s’est
nous nous sommes
vous vous etes
ils se sont |
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| in the passe compose, when a direct object precedes the auxiliary verb avoir plus the past participle, the participle agrees with: |
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| the preceding direct object in gender and number; for e.g. j’ai lu le journal –> je l’ai lu, however k’ai lu les journaux –> je les ai lus |
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| past participle of ecrire |
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| past participle of mettre |
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| formation of the imparfait |
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from nous form of present tense:
je [parl]ais
tu [parl]ais
il [parl]ait
nous [parl]ions
vous [parl]iez
ils [parl]aient |
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j’etais
tu etais
il etait
nous etions
vous etiez
ils etaient |
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| when is the imparfait used? |
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| to describe actions or situations that existed for an indefinite period of time in the past: in descriptions, to set a scene; for habitual or repeated actions; to describe feelings and mental states; to tell the time of day, the date, and to express age in the past; to describe appearance and physical traits; to describe and action or situation that was happening when another even (usually in the passe compose) interrupted it |
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| past participle of croire |
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| past participle of recevoir |
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| recu (to receive, to entertain as guests) |
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| when to use the passe compose |
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| when describing: completed action, or a series of completed events or actions; a single event; an event or events occured (« foreground » information); changes in an existing physical or mental state at a precise moment, or for a particular isolated cause |
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| autrefois; d’habitude; de temps en temps; le lundi; le week-end; pendant que |
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| indicators of the passe compose |
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| au moment ou; lundi; plusiers fois; soudain; tout a coup; un jour; un week-end; une fois |
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just add endings to verbs:
je [parler]ai
tu [parler]as
il [parler]a
nous [parler]ons
vous [parler]ez
ils [parler]ont |
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| past participle of courir |
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| would plus the infinitive, e.g., he would travel |
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| when is the conditional used |
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| to make polite requests or inquiries; used in the main clause of sentences containing « si » (if) clauses (imparfait) to express what would happen if the hypothesis of the if-clause were true |
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| how to form the conditional |
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add imparfait endings to whole verb:
je [parler]ais
tu [parler]ais
il [parler]ait
nous [parler]ions
vous [parler]iez
ils [parler]aient |
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me (m’)
te (t’)
le (l’)
la (l’)
nous
vous
les |
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| where do the direct object pronouns go in a sentence? |
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| immediately preced the verb in the present and the imperfect tenses and the auxiliary verb in the passe compose, e.g. Rober compose le numero –> Robert le compose; Robert composait le numero –> Robert le composait; Robert a compose le numero –> Robert l’a compose |
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me, m’
te, t’
lui
nous
vous
leur |
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| past participle of savoir |
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| refers to a place that has already been mentioned; its english equivalent in such cases is « there »; can replace the combination a + noun when the noun refers to a place or thing (not a person) |
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| replaces partitive articles (du, de la, de l’) and indefinite articles (un, une, des) plus a noun; english equivalent of « some » or « any » |
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| past participle of suivre |
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| order of object pronouns in declarative statements |
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| 1. direct or indirect object (me, te, nous, vous) 2. direct object (le, la, les) 3. indirect object (lui, leur) 4. y/en |
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| toujours, souvent, parfois (meaning and negative pairing) |
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| « sometimes » negative: ne…jamais (never) |
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| encore (meaning and negative pairing) |
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| « still » negative: ne…plus (no longer, no more) |
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| deja (meaning and negative pairing) |
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| « already » negative: ne…pas encore (not yet) |
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| deja (meaning and negative pairing) |
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| « ever » negative: ne…jamais (never) |
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| quelqu’un/tout le monde (meaning and negative pairing) |
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| « someone/everybody » negative: personne (no one) |
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| quelque chose/tout (meaning and negative pairing) |
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| « something/everything » negative: rien (nothing) |
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| how is the subjunctive formed? |
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from present ils form, drop the -ent and add:
-e
-es
-e
-ions
-iez
-ent |
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| boire subjunctive nous and ils forms |
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| aller subjunctive nous and ils forms |
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| vouloir subjunctive nous and ils forms |
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nous voulions
ils veuillent |
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| avoir subjunctive nous and ils forms |
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| etre subjunctive nous and ils forms |
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